[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.raes.cz\/co-predchazelo-pocitacum\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.raes.cz\/co-predchazelo-pocitacum\/","headline":"Co p\u0159edch\u00e1zelo po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016fm?","name":"Co p\u0159edch\u00e1zelo po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016fm?","description":"V\u0161ichni je dnes a denn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me, ale jak se stalo \u017ee po\u010d\u00edta\u010de zn\u00e1me a jsou pro n\u00e1s nenahraditeln\u00e9? Prvn\u00ed modern\u00ed \u010d\u00edslicov\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de poch\u00e1z\u00ed ji\u017e z\u00a030. … ","datePublished":"2022-03-21","dateModified":"2023-05-01","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.raes.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.raes.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/13dbcc20b7c05fcb5c4a6b0bee5a7107a0aae9238a83a4088a42d170780b2eca?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/13dbcc20b7c05fcb5c4a6b0bee5a7107a0aae9238a83a4088a42d170780b2eca?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"raes.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.raes.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/artificial-intelligence-gd40f522ea_640.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.raes.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/artificial-intelligence-gd40f522ea_640.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.raes.cz\/co-predchazelo-pocitacum\/","about":["PC"],"wordCount":392,"articleBody":"V\u0161ichni je dnes a denn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me, ale jak se stalo \u017ee po\u010d\u00edta\u010de zn\u00e1me a jsou pro n\u00e1s nenahraditeln\u00e9? Prvn\u00ed modern\u00ed \u010d\u00edslicov\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de poch\u00e1z\u00ed ji\u017e z\u00a030. let 20. stolet\u00ed a za jejich vyn\u00e1lezce je pova\u017eov\u00e1n Charles Babbage. Ten sice zem\u0159el v\u00a0roce 1871, ale vymyslel princip, podle kter\u00e9ho byly prvn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010de o 60 let pozd\u011bji sestrojeny. Krom\u011b n\u011bj Babbage navrhl tak\u00e9 tisk\u00e1rnu, kter\u00e1 se ale prvn\u00edho funk\u010dn\u00edho sestrojen\u00ed do\u010dkala a\u017e v\u00a090. letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Babbagovy n\u00e1vrhy za\u010d\u00ednaly u tzv. diferencia\u010dn\u00edho stroje. Ji\u017e tento stroj, kter\u00fd dok\u00e1zal vypo\u010d\u00edtat t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jakoukoli rovnici na z\u00e1klad\u011b zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed a pomoc\u00ed derivac\u00ed (odtud deriva\u010dn\u00ed stroj), si z\u00edskal oblibu v\u011bdeck\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Od Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti v\u00a0Lond\u00fdn\u011b n\u00e1sledn\u011b z\u00edskal pro svou dal\u0161\u00ed tv\u016fr\u010d\u00ed \u010dinnost grant. Takto se mohl Babbage p\u0159es chyby a nedostatky diferencia\u010dn\u00edho stroje dostat ke sv\u00e9mu dal\u0161\u00edmu n\u00e1vrhu, co\u017e byl stroj analytick\u00fd. Tento v\u00fdrobek u\u017e m\u011bl dok\u00e1zat vypo\u010d\u00edtat ka\u017edou rovnici a skl\u00e1dal se v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b ze stejn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jako dne\u0161n\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010d (vstupn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, procesor, pam\u011b\u0165, v\u00fdstupn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed). Instrukce o tom, jak se m\u00e1 dan\u00e1 operace vy\u0159e\u0161it a tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed informace o \u010d\u00edslic\u00edch, byly do stroje vkl\u00e1d\u00e1ny pomoc\u00ed d\u011brovan\u00fdch karet. Ty byly troj\u00edho typu: opera\u010dn\u00ed, \u010d\u00edslicov\u00e9 a varia\u010dn\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b opera\u010dn\u00ed velely, jak m\u00e1 b\u00fdt dan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad \u0159e\u0161en, \u010d\u00edslicov\u00e9 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ely informace o \u010d\u00edseln\u00e9m zad\u00e1n\u00ed a varia\u010dn\u00ed specifikovaly druh v\u00fdpo\u010dtu. Tento stroj nebyl nikdy sestaven, ale je to ten nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1vrh modern\u00edho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kdybychom se ale zam\u011b\u0159ili je\u0161t\u011b na vzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00ed historii, nalezneme p\u0159edch\u016fdce je\u0161t\u011b mnohem d\u0159\u00edve. U\u017e p\u0159ed 5000 lety se pou\u017e\u00edval n\u00e1stroj abakus, kter\u00fd m\u011bl usnadnit po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b do stejn\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed spad\u00e1 tak\u00e9 desti\u010dka, do kter\u00e9 se vkl\u00e1daly kam\u00ednky-p\u016fvodn\u00ed kalkula\u010dka. Postupn\u011b byly stroje zdokonalov\u00e1ny a\u017e do dne\u0161n\u00ed podoby, ale jak je vid\u011bt, jejich v\u00fdvoj nebyl v\u016fbec jednoduch\u00fd.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.4\/5 - (9 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Co p\u0159edch\u00e1zelo po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016fm?","item":"https:\/\/www.raes.cz\/co-predchazelo-pocitacum\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]